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IE CAMPINE BOOK 



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CAMPINE HERALD, publishers 
FRANKLINVILLE, N. Y. 



THE CAMPINE HISTORY 

By Rev. B. A. GATES, Editor of CAMPINE HERALD 
Copyright 1913 by R. W. VAN HOESEN 



^ 



Price Seventy-Five Cents 
FIRST EDITION 



Published by 
CAMPINE HERALD, FRANKLINVILLE. N. Y, 



AUTHOR'S PREFACE 



I 



N PUTTING this hook l)efore the pul^lie it is my desire tx) pre- 
sent in a concise way the gist of oi)tainable information con- 
cerning (\im pines, l)oth for the benefit of those who breed Cam- 
pines and those who are simply interested in them because they are in- 
terested in poultry generally. The information presented in this book is 
not only historical, but I trust, to a large extent at least, practical. Our 
age is an age of condensation and important messages to command at- 
tention must compact themselves into narrow space. I have striven in 
this book to obey this demand. I am indebted to a number of prominent 
Campinists in various countries for valuable information and suggestions 
which have been enbodiedinf/i/.s book. If this book shall intensify to any 
extent interest in Campines or help any to understand the breed better 
and to make a success of breeding Campines it will have served its purpose. 



B. A. GATES 



Franklinville, N. Y., U. 8. A. 
1913 



Ancient Campines 



CHAPTER I 

TO SAY the U^ast the history of the Cam pine goes back a luimlu-r of 
hundreds of years. A recent English writer would like to connect 
the introduction of ('(iiniiitus into Eiujland with the landing upon Englisli 
ground 55 B. ('. of Julius Caesar. This is pr()bal)ly far-fetched, yet the 
Belgians insist that Caesar took with him from Belgium to Italy birds 
which were the ancestors of those now known in Belgium as Cainpinex. 
It has been i)ointed out that the ancient as well as the modern Belgians 
have bred these birdsdor profit and that the ancient Britons bred them 
"for the sake of anuisement and profit" and that in no other l)ird is the 
property of pleasure and jirofit so intensified as in the Campin-c. There- 
fore, it is concluded, the ancient Britons must have bred Campints. 

F. L. Piatt, in a recent article on the Campiiic, says: "In the orthol- 
ogy of the Italian naturalist Ulysses Aldrovandus which was published in 
1599 there is a description of (i. turcica or Turkish fowl which indicates 
a strong resemblance to modern ('(iinplvrs. Some four hundretl years ])e- 
fore, according to legend, the ancestors of the ('(nnpincs had been im- 
l^orted into Western Europe l)y '.Johanna Censta.' 

Antedating this there is another tradition that the i)rogenitors of the 
Cdmpinc.s were introdviced into Flanders (northern France and Belgium) 
about the eighth century by the agents of Charlemagne. As king of the 
Franks and Emperor of Rome, Europe was a conciuest to liim and it is 
recorded that h(> slowly endeavored to promote agriculture and required 
the farmers to keej) a certain number of chick(>ns and the millers to keep 
a certain number of ducks and h(> required that a ccniain number of 
fruit trees be planted. One so keen al)out increasing and improving the 
products of his subjects may have sought to liave a special kmd of chick- 
ens propogated and even imported them from some foreign country." 

The Turkish fowl from which the modern Campinr sjirung is certain- 
ly many centuries old. In the days just spoken of wlien the Dutch ot)- 
tained possession of the l)r(HHl, the main object of breeding the fowls was 
eggs, and it was known as "Dutch Penciled" and "Dutch Everyday Lay- 
ers" and more recently as "Chittiprat." The Fr(>nch also for a few hun- 
dred years back were jxirtial to the ancestors of the modern Cam pine. In 
Netherlands the Campine was known as Friesland fowl. The late Lewis 
Yander Snickt says, " The Friesland is extraordinary homogeneous, and 
is the mother race of all these egg laying l)irds with slate colored legs and 
white ear lobes." While much of the ancient history of the Campine is 



Icgentlary, and indet'd there is no certainty concerning the origin of the 
more ancient breeds of poultry, yet we do know for a certainty that the 
('aiiijiinc is the earliest known of all the established l)reeds of Europe and, 
as n.any assert, the most interesting. The Pencilled Hamburgs and 
Cdiiipims spring from a connnon ancestry. There is no question but 
that the breed had its origin in Belgium and as has l)een stated again and 
again probably derives its name from the county La, Campine. The Bel- 
gian iH'asants are thrifty and for centuries have bred the Vanijinic as th;'ir 
■'farm chicken" with a view, not so much to fine and (h'finite feathers as 
to numlxT and size and color of eggs. 




This dozen of eggs won hrst prize at Boston 1913. Owned 
by M. R. Jacobus, Ridgefield, N. J. whose Campine Eggs also 
won first as same Show in 191 1 and 1912. 



During these 
years a consider- 
able trade has 
been worked uj) 
fluctuating with 
the years and 
conditions, o f 
course, in sur- 
rountling territo- 
ry both in eggs, 
in pullets and in 
milk fed chickens 
for eating. The 
French are noted 
as being talented 
in the matter of discriminating in dietary articles and the fact that 
lielgivnn exports so many fowls and eggs to France is significant. 

AV)ove I note that while the Dutch held the breed it was bred for 
eggs mainly. During that time it appears that the color was primarily 
grayish with some attempts, though not pronounced, at barring. 

The old English I^olton (!rey fowl was closely related to the modern 
Canipim. It is asserted by some that the Silver and (lold Pencilled Ham- 
l)urgs are direct descendents of the Bolton (Irey and first cousins to the 
modern Enghsh Canijjhic Attempts have l)een made to connect the Black 
and Spangled HamJjurg with the modern Cdtnpine, but such connection 
seems improbable. In fact somt^ go so far as to state that the Campine, 
the Silver and Gold Pencilled and tlie Spangled and Black Hamburg- 
sprung from one ancestry and came from the neighl)orhood of Haml)urg. 
This is evidently an error. The Spangled and Black Haml)urg are not, 
according to any apparent authority, from the same direct ancestry as the 
Pencilled Haml)urg, thus the relation lietween the Spangled and Black 
Haml)urg and the modern Cani])inc is remote, if in existence at all. There 
is a similarity that might suggest relationship. More close is the relation 
of the Braekel and Canipine than of the Campiue and Hamburg. In fact 



it is very evident that the Cam pine and Braekel are practically the same. 
Many recent writers have made it clear that originally Braekels and Con/- 
})incs were one and the same thing, l)ut that the result of breeding on the 
plains of the country of La C'ampine, where the soil is sandy and the con- 
conditions are much different from other parts of Belgium, has been to 
develop a small active bird that forages for the greater part of its living. 
The result of l^reeding in the more productive parts of Belgium, for in- 
stance on the rich loomy soil of Flanders, has been to develop a larger and 
less active bird which has come, with the passing of time, to be known as 
Braekel. Environment, living on different soils, etcetara has really made 
two different birds of the same stock. 

Again quoting F. L. Piatt, "The first selective work with the Cant- 
pine was begun about 1865 l)y a Mr. Van Horn. He was station ma^tf r 
of St. Lierre at Turnout, Belgium, and made a hobby of Cam pines for 
thirty years breeding and imj^roving them. He gave the pesants eggs and 
often his best cocks and pullets, thus improving their stock from a breed- 
er's view point." 

Other leading Belgium ])ouItrymen took uj) in the late (50's and early 
70's selective work with the Braekel. Lewis Vander Snickt gave many of 
his Braekels to farmers back in the country and thus they are kept ]~)ure. 
Later this eminent poultryman after l)ecoming director of tiie Zoological 
Gardens of Ghent ordered Braekel eggs to be distributed to various parts 
of Belgium. In 1880 both Campincs and Braekels were exhil)ited at va- 
rious shows as one breed, the Campifie.^ 1 eing called the small .specimens 
and the Braekels the large specimens. Later at the shows classes were 
opened for both Braekels and Ca-n pines. By this time they were looked 
upon as two separate breeds each having its own admirers who claimed 
for their favorites superiori y. The old time rivalry existing between the 
Belgium breeders of the Ccmpine and the Braekel is still in existence toda>' 
and a noted Belgium breeder who now breeds both Braekels, English and 
Belgian type Cam pines, ])ut who favors the Braekel, recently stated to 
the author that for all purjioses, utility and exhibition, meat and oraraent- 
ation, size, color and weight of egg the Braekel far .surpa.sses the Campine. 

Thus briefly, but as clearly as possible to hold the interest of the or- 
dinary reader the remote and more recent history of the Campine has been 
traced. Undoubtedly some authorities will take exceptions to some 
statements made in this chapter as considerable difference of opinion 
exists, such opinion being influenced more or less by invironment and 
geographical differences. However, as stated above that part of the his- 
tory which is legendary is of no particular value only so far as it is inter- 
esting, while of the more recent history we are reasonably sure. 



The Campme at Home 



('HAPTP]R 11 

ON OTHER pages aro oiycn illustrations of both the ('tnnpiiic and 
Braekel as bred at the present time in Iieluiinn. Since the great 
poinilarity of the English and American ra////>///r (luaiitities of the im- 
()i'oved type have been bred and imported into l^elgium where they have 
been crossed with the Beignnn type so that at the present time a large 
number of English type To ////;/■//(, s ar(0)eing bred in Belgium. We are 
concerning ourselves in this chapter, with what is known as the i*)el>i;ium 
type Cattijiinc. So far as the l^raekel is distinguished from the Cnnijiiiic 
there has been no attempt to change the dress of the Braekel only as the 
Belgium Braekel has been crossed with the Belgium Cainpinc to make 
into t'le English 0/wyj///c a slightly larger bird than the early Belgimn 
('(inipinc. The illustrations referred to abo\-e are extremely interesting 
and should be carefully studied and tlie detailed information imder er.ch 
I'ut carefully read. 

In Belgium there are both single and rose combed Silver and (iolden 
('(imprnes also Whites and a variety known as Courte-patte. TIh^ Whites 
are also bred but to a very limited extent in a few other countries. The 
most popular however, are the single combed Silvers. This is true not 
only in Belgium but the world over. The color of the male bird, as bred 
in Belgium, is a white neck hackle also a white back and black tail. The 
wing barrs are also practically white while the rest of the body with the 
exception of tiie Huff is more or less unevenly barred black and white and 
usually in various sections especially upon the l)reast a streak of color 
more or less prominent, usually brownish or grey. Both male and female 
have very large combs. No attempt is made ordinarily to have the ser- 
rations of uniform numl)er and size. The ear lobe is pure white and tiie 
eye dark, practically black, horn colored l)eak and the legs leaden blue. 
The female has a white neck hackle, eyes and lol)e colored like the male. 
The tail is usually more or less dull black. The wing is light or white. 
The rest of the l)ody is more or less unevenly barred with white, black 
and greyish brown. In the typical Belgian specimens the barring is not 
well designed on the female, in some cases l)eing of a flowered natin-e in 
which white, l)lack, l)rown antl grey are seen. In some specimens the 
breast is practically white with only here and there a smattering of black 
or greyish brown. The Braekel is similar to the Campiiw, but is larger 
and coarser and usually has a more beefy comb. The tail of both male 
aiid female is carried somewhat higher than that of the Campine. 



The Goldcns have a rit-li Red or gold bay color in place of the white, 
tliis gold color being contrasted with black as in the Silvers. Perhaps the 
lobes are a little better, that is, whiter in the Ooldens than in the Silvers. 
The eyes, l)eak, shanks and toes are the same color, type al)Out the same 
with possil)ly the (Joldens a little heavier than the Silver. Tliis, however, 
caimot be stated as a characteris ic because different strains vary greatly 
in everything except color and tyj^e and even in these there is often con- 
siderable diff(M-ence in different strains. 

It is clainu'd 
l)y the breeders 
of the Cam})in('s 
that while th(> 
size of the bird 
is smaller than 
the Braekel the 
size of the egg is 
m u c h 1 a r g e r. 
Tliose whose fa- 
vorites are tlv 
Braekel c 1 a i m 
the Rraekel is 
superior to the 
Ccinpinc as no- 
te(l above not 
only because of 
its larger size Init 
I ;ecause of its 
hirger egg. Tlie 
facts of the case 
are hard to get 
at owing to the 
fact that in Bel- 
gium as in Amer- 
ica and all other 
countries differ- 
ent strains ef 
the same h\v(\ 
vary greatly in 
size, constitu- 
tional vigor, pro- 
lificness and size weight and tint of egg. R is proliably true that some 
strains of Campines lay larger eggs than some strains of Braekels and vice 
versa. Be this as it may it is an undisputed fact that both Cmn pines and 
Braekels are constant layers of good sized and white shelled eggs. While 
other breeds are kept especially for milk feeding tal)le qualities yet large 
numbers cf Braekels are used in Belgium and shiipcd to France every 
year for this purpose. We find also that there is more than one variety 




FJffST EffllF :SJLV£R CANP/mfim 

■ GMmiNrFM/rnmLm^miiWiPjmm. 



This a fine representation of a well marked Campine female. 
Bred and owned b\- C!eor,ue Urban Jr., Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. Urban 
was the first President of the Ameriean Campine Club and is a 
fancier of the higher type. 



of Silver Braekel, at least this is claimed by some eminent authorities. 
The distinction is in the color of the feather and the character of the bar- 
ring. In the extremely large strains the contrasting colors are flowered 
and perhaps the black and white are more distinct than in the other strains. 
The smaller Braekel is more evenly and consequently, by many, consid- 
ered better colored. In Belgium these liirds are considered extremely 
hardy, small eaters and in every sense a fowl which it is profitable to 
breed. 

The birds are extremely friendly in their disposition, tame rather 
than wild, and these characteristics follow theni from their native land to 
their new homes. 

Belgium is in danger of killing its poultry industry by over exportation. 
The thrift of the Belgian peasants finds expression in its relation to 
the poultry industry, not so much in fancy stork, feathers and eggs :is in 
the market for food of l)oth eggs and stock. It is to l)e hoped that Bel- 
gium will realize the grave danger that lies in over exi)ortation and curb 
its exportations before it is too late to save the great poultry industry 
for which it has become so famous the world over. The poultry lovers of 
every land owe a great dt'al to the Belgium Ijreeders of the i)ast and the 
present for jireserving intact through so many years, this valuable breed 
of fowls. And Belgium, though a small country, is represented by its 
('(till pi tics today practically throughout the ei\'ilize<l world. While as 
noted above the main ol)jo('t of the Belgium Itreeders is utility, >'et many 
I^elgimn poultrymen and jioultrywomen are Avorthy of sjieeial mention 
for their part in tlie preservation, exportation and development of \arious 
breeds, among them the ('(impiiic. I will simjily nuuition on(>, Madam A. 
F. Van Schelle of Papenvoort-Par-Hoogstraeten, I^elgium. Madam Van 
Schelle is a woman of great intellectualily and strong i)ers()nalit>', a breed- 
er not only of fo>vls but of goats andotlirr anim ds and she is intimately 
acciuainted with the haljits, breeding and lif-e of tlie ('(unpinc at home. 
While },Iadani Van Sehelle dilfers from many concerning the supin-iority 
of the improved rr7////;///e and objects to the name, Cdin pi iii\ being ap- 
plied at all, still she produces some very fine specimens of the English 
typo and has shipped Silvers and Cioldens the world over. 

The following is tlie Belgian standtird for Braekels and can fully an- 
swer for Cdiiipincs also in Px'Igium and is copied from "TIk^ Campine 
Fowl." 

bi:l(;ian standard 

BRAEKEL 

Official Braekel Standard, National Federation Avicidture, 1904. 

COCK 

CdniJ): Single, large, straight, composed of 5 or G triangular teeth; 
texture of rather coarse grain. 



Eye: Large, very dark brown, black pupil, the border of eyelid 
blackish, which gives the eye a still darker appearance. 

Beak: Blue at base, finishing in clear horn color. 

Face: Red, embellished with little feathers the same color as the 
fluff. 

Ear-lobes: Almond shaped, Mother of Pearl. 

Wattles: Long. 

Head: Large and deep; skull slightly flattened. 

Neck: Strong, medium length. 

Neck Hackles: Thick, spreading at the back. 

Breast: Deep, wide and fleshy. 

General Appearance, Form of Bodij: Broad back, medium size skel(>- 
ton, Iwdy slightly inclined backwards, tail almost peri^endic- 
ular, thigh rather short, hidden by feathers of abdomen. 

Leg: Blue, medium length. 

Toes: Four in number 

Nails: White. 

Height: 55 to GO centimetres (22 to 24 inches.) 

Weight: 3 kilos (about G.\ lbs.) 

Carriage: Proud, quick steps. 

SILVER BRAEKEL 

The White must l)e pure white; the Black with green metallic lustre 
or sheen. 

Neck Hactdes: White. 

Ba liquet of Earlobes : White. 

Shoiihiers: Barred. 

Epaulettes {Wing Buic): White, with base of feather more or less 
barred. 

Wing Primaries: Black, bordered at exterior with white. 

II 



Wiiifi Coverts: Parred. 

W'niii S(C<iii<larics: Hcaxily l»arred. 

Sddillt' Ftvthcrs: White. 

Tdil Corcrt.s: Well l)arre(l. 

Lilllc Sickle or Tail Faitlicrs: Black, carryin.ti; distinctly barred dc- 
sign. 

Jrrcdst: Well barred as liio;!! up as possible toward wattU>.s. 

A'er/.-: Barred. 

Flujf: Dark ash color. 

The black bars increase in width from ne(d\ to tail. 

HEN 

Comb: Sin,u;le, larjic, fallina, on one side; "> to () te(4h; sometimes base 
of coml) spottecl with blue, rather coarse in grain. 

licak: ]ilue at l)ase, finishing in clear hoi-n. 

Eijc: Large, dark brown, like cock. 

Fdcv: Red, embellisluNl with feathers. 

Karlobis: White, l)lueish, jMother of Pearl. 

W'dtllcs: Red, rounded. 

Head: Large, deep, rather strong. 

(rcmrdl Fortn of body: Stretched out, rectangular, inclined baidc- 
wards. 

Legs: Blue. 

Toe lYails: Same as in cock. 

Weight: About 2^, kilos (about oh lbs). 

Height: About 40 to 45 centimetres (1() to 18 inches). 

Neck Hackles: White. 

Bouquet of E,arlohcs: White. 



AV/wy.v: Pack. ])rcast, ])arred. 

Flight and Wing Prinnirics: Exterior l)arre(l, interior black, speckled 
with white. 

7 a//; (^uite black, more or less, and sjieckled on exterior side, two 
large tail coverts, more or less l)arred. 

SlLVEK-FLOWERED BRAEKEL 

The bar is generally replaced by a short line ap[)earing on the breast, 
horse shoe form. Flight, Feather, l)ack and coverts are speckled with 
black, the curbed line ])redon)inates. 




ij 



The English or Improved Campine 

CHAPTER III 

THE ('(Diijiine with the white topped male as bred m Belgium made 
its appearance in America and Enghind in the 9U's. In 1S')4 they 
were achnitted into American Stamhird of Perfection, and five years hater 
having failed to make good and hccausc of the necessity of douI)h' mating 
interest wanned ahiiost entirely and the breed was drop])ed from the 
Standard. A ro////*///r C 7///^ was formed in h^nglatid and (piite a Ixjom 
was experienced, huf liy f!)()2 the interest had begun (o wane and but few 
l)ir(ls were kept. The ^alt e Ihirg caused the breed to fall into dis- 
favor in JMiglaiid. Their exti-eme smallncss and the fact that the male 
and the h'lnale were colored differently thus necessitating double mating 
to produce exhibition bii'ds of Ixith sexes caused interest (o be lost in them. 
Probably the first hen feathi-red Sih'er ra//;/>///c male that appeared in 
England made his ai)i)eai'ance in 1004. Rev. K. Levv'is Jones says in this 
connection, "This l)ird was bi-ed from eggs sent over ])\ Ab)nsier ( )scar 
Thomaes of Pvenaix, Belgium. Di-. (iardiier placed him lii'st at the club 
show at the Alexandiia Palace, 1004. I'he showing ( f this bird aroised 
a great controversy. The answers were all e<iually various and equilly 
wrong. The fact is there is a tendency aiiiongst the breeders in Ikdgium 
towaids markings on the back, but the P>elgians only preserve the- white 
topped ones breeding onl\' from such birds and destroy the otlun'S. I 
wish to ])ay a tribute to the niagnificent appearance of the white t(jp!)ed 
bird, l)ut ihe necessity of studying tlie b;'st interests of the breed tempers 
my regret at his being displaced by the fa\drite standard male." F. L. 
Piatt claims that the bird was not a ('(inipiiir, but a, single combed Silver 
]^>raekel. He says, "Henaix is in the s,)uth of Bi-lgium and I^raekels, not 
('(iii//)i)i<\'^, are e\'erywhere kept in the surrounding country. The bird 
was first exhibited at Kend(4 where he failed to attract attention. He 
was there purchased by a Mr. Wilson who later showed iiim at the great 
international show at Alexandria Palace and he was there awarded the 
first prize and cup. The h)llowing year the same fancier exhibited the 
bii'd and some of his sons and won right along the line." 

The interest in the hen feathered male became intense and the pros- 
jx'cts of a single mating and the correcting oi the marking of the ('(ini- 
pinc appealed very strongly to the fanciers. While the prolificness of egg 
l)ro(hiction and the large size of the eggs together with the puri^ white 
shell attracted the utilitarians to them and interest in the ('(unptiu- im- 
mediately bt'came intense. The English are known as excellent breeders 
and they began to use their wisdom in the improvement of the Vanipinv 



as to color and the economic qualities. (Quoting from Rev. E. Lewis 
Jones, "The English standard Campine is ... a bird with white neck 
hackle, the rest of the body barred, the l)lack bar being as near as possi- 
ble three times as wide as the white ground colour, and certainly not less 
than three times as wide. The white ground colour must l)e open and 
bold, not narrow threads, sometimes like fine col)webs, going acros-^ a 
black body. Each feather should end in a clear white bar. The l)arrings 
sliould suggest rings round the body, the geometrical exactitutle being 

l)roken by rounded ends of the feath- 
ers. The dividing line Ix'twinni the 
colors in the ])ar should be clearly de- 
fined and straight, not dovetailins!; or 
zigzagging in any way. Most certain- 
ly the ])ar should not be curved, or in 
{ the shape of a horseshoe. The direct- 
I ion of the bar may vary, that is, it 
I may run transversely or oljlifiuely 
' across the feathers. What is import- 
ant is that the edge colours should be 
I clean cut and distinct. The olMicpie 
I direction of th(> bar is very i~)r(>tty, giv- 
ing rise to what is descril)ed os nuick- 
erel markings. All that I have so far 
, attem]>ted to describe I call the regu- 
larity of the markings. This reguiar- 
itv cives exceeding beautv to the bird." 








This is a Silver Campine Cockerel at 
ll'ic age of six weeks showlnt,' the niar- 
\'elous development of the chieks. '1 his 
Cockerel crowed at the ai,'e f.if h\-c weeks 
aan five days. Was hred by the Jones 
Piuiltrv Farm, AlexaiKlria,lnd. 



This desci'iption does not seem at 
first to differ so greatly from a perusal 
of tli(> Belgian standard, but while the 
Belgian sttmdard says, "The white 
must be ]nu-e white, the black with green metallic lustre or sheen," it is very 
evident tliata 1 ird with gced distinct clear barrs do always possess tlu> l)eau- 
iful neck hackle desired l)y Telgian breeders with the result the tVmalesare 
naturally mossy, that is to say the white is not white and the black is not 
black. There is practically no green she(Mi or lustre, but the black and white 
blend in indistinct markings and are mixed often with brown giving tlie ap- 
pearance at a little distance, of a steel grey bird. The breeding off of tlie 
white toi) on the part of the British breeders caused them to call the En- 
glish Cainpinc "Improved" Ix'cause first of all it is possible to bnHMl good 
pullets and good cockerls from a single mating whereas it was seldom that 
the Belgian type birds were marked distinctly and clearly in the contrast- 
ing colors. It would be an imjinsKiljility to secure good cockerels and pul- 
lets from the same matings, in fact long allowance of continued breeding 
from single matings developed and set the mossy markings of tlie female. 
The British are not much given to doul)le mating. Another reason why 
their l)ird is called "Imiiroved" is because the contrasting colors are clear. 



Tlie l)la('k is hrcd hhick and the wliitc is bred white ami those birds that 
show the tliird color be it more or less ])roiuinent (I mean the brown 
barrs) are called inferior specimens. ( 'onsiderable controversy arises as to 
the advisability in the consideration of the need of l)reedins the cockerel 
"hen-feathered." It is claimed by some that the cockerel becomes in 
mating as in feathering effeminate and thus considerable of the vigor pro- 
lificness and stamina of the long bred l^elgian type is lost. Other eminent 
authorities such as Rev. E. Lewis .Jones claim that the tendency of the 
breeders in Belgivnn to follow the distinct back hen-feathered ty])e is proof 
that this color and feathering of the male is not contrary to the laws of 
nature. The author believes and many English l)reeders evidently be- 
lieve the same in view of the fact that they have tried to reach this end, 
liiat the male should hav(> a large amount of saddle feathers not necessarily 
as an evidence of greater vigor and increased stamina, but because of the 
greater attractiveness, beauty and more handsome a])i)earance of the l)ird 
both on range and in the show room. It must be remembered that in the 
early making of the English type the Belgian Campine was bred to the 
Belgian Braekel to secure increase in size and then back to the Belgian 
('arti])itic, to intensify the activity of the smaller bird. Much has been 
said concerning the use of ihv Hamburg, Fr.'idand and oth:'r fowl-; in the 
production of the J<]nglish type. The English type is after all is said and 
done to be attril)uted to one man namely the Rev. E. Lewis .lones. Lis- 
ten to Mr. .lones' own words in regard to crossing with other bj"e;'ds. 

"We are told freely that our birds show evidences of crossing with 
Ilamburgs. Now, I should confess that, as a huml>le stud(>nt of Mendel- 
ism, I have no repugnance towards crossing, and I should not he-iitate to 
cross if I saw any a(h'antage in so doing. I will further confess tliat I 
have tried every \va>- of crossing that I could conccnve of, and with the 
result that I gol nothing that it would i);iy nic to introduce into my strain. 
When ])ei"sons say that my e>;liibiii,)n strain s'lows evidence of Ilaniburg 
crcss'nig, they are talking arrant nonsense — a nonsense which shows ihey 
do not understiuid th(> p()ssil)ilities of ('auijiine breeding or of what a 
!I;unl)urg-( 'anipine cross looks like. We nnist l)ear in mind that in the 
Hamburg we have highly developed and comjilex marking, the result of 
at least half a century of breeding. When you cross with a Cditipinc you 
let loose all the centrifugal foi'ces kept in cherk by breeding in a definite 
direction, and the results art' amazing. Were breeding such a simj^jle 
thing that e(iual l)lack and white on tlie Ham!)urg could be immediately 
transferred into three blacks to one white on the Cdiii pi iic or ssjuiething 
near, or even if we could keej) the Hamburg regularity, then breeding 
wonld l;e so easy that many of us would \)vv[vv to play marbles. From 
1899 to lOO;^ ('(turpi ties were in the hands of some of the most skillful 
breetlers of the day, and had the Hamburg cross been a short cut to the 
Ccuiipine Standard a clear black bird would have be(ni exhibited Isefore 
1004. Most i)eople who write this Hamburg cross nonsense are mere 
Itabies in arms in the matter of breeding to tlie veterans who bi'ed Cdi/t- 

16 



pines twelve years ago. However, the problem is simply stated. CVoss 
Hamburg and Campine, and you have four things to outbreed; (1) red 
eye; (2) size of egg; (3) type; (4) pencilling. It requires a man skillful 
above the average to make that cross successfully, and I should feel proud 
had I been able to achieve it. Again, a Campine has a red eye, but no 
one will contend that every red eyed Campine is the product of this cross. 
Further, in the years Hamburg fanciers have been breeding, they have 
not had a good wing bar. Campinisfs have, and it one of the Campine'.^ 
special points of beauty. Did this come from the Hamburg cross? 




This winner at various shows owned by VV. M. Patteson, Penn Yan, N. Y. 
and selected by Madame VanSchelle of Belgium as the best, in her estimation, 
of the English type males on exhibition at Madison Garden 1913. 



I have not the space to discuss all possil^le crosses, but the conclusion 
of tl e whole matter, from my short experience is, that you cannot cross 
the Campine with any hopes of success. I do not say it cannot be done, 
but only that I do not know the way to do it, and I shall be glad to hear 
of a way, providing I can examine the birds. I have heard many tales 
and I always put to the test any theory, however fantastic it may app.ear 
to 1 e, for one never knows; it may l^e a pearl of price, even if out of a 

1,7 



toad's moutli, as tlu' Welsh proverl) has it. My experience has made mc 
very sceptical indeed of the wonderful results to he had from crossing. If 
the Canipine is the l)ird I think it is, then there is no means of crossing it 
without deterioration." 

A somewhat different view is tidceulw Rev. J. N. Williams, B. A., of 
England, who says concerning Silver Pencilled Hambiu'g: "At first tlie 
aim was to get the marking regular and I knew the variety forty years 
ago when the hens were as coarse in marking as the present day English 
l)red Caitipinc is. In the course of two or thrcn^ decades the l)reed- 
ing was carried to such a pitch that the marking became intensely more 

refined until now it has grown almost threadlike nevevtlieless 

when all is said and done the marking is the marking of the ('(iiii pi itc only 
coarser. Now in breeding for the regularity of marking a singular, but 
not altogether unlooked for thing occurred. Always chose the best 
marked coeks, generation after generation as mates to the deepest and 
best marked pullets would finally come al)out tliat the cock would follow 
more and more the marking of the hens until at last they were actually' 
hen-feathered, (Jrigininally the Silver Pencilled cock was a v.hite bird 
spotted on the rum]-) and with a wing bar just showing and a l)lack tail 
edged with white. I am writing of the l)ird as it a]>peared on our English 
show benches after shows were introduced. A,Iy own im])ression is that it 
has been br(.)ught to this stage from a white toi)ped Cant pine such as the 
J^elgian utility birds of today. Tlie object of the l)reeder was to whiten 
tlie whole l)ird exceiit the Silver laced black tail, l)ut such we have it to- 
day. But on the other hand they determined to de(>iien the pullet and so 

two Isreeding pens liecame necessary Tims was the old Dutch 

Citiiipinv glorified into a Silver Pencilled Hambiu'g. Nevertheless it was 
in reality a ('in// pine as much as a ( 'anadian of pure English descent is an 

l^^nglishman when tlie English Ijreeders got to 

work they soon deejiened and sti'engt hened the barrs. Whether they 
usetl a Silver Pencilled jiuUet breeding cock or not is of the slightest ac- 
count, because if they did it was C<unpi//e bred. Before long the same 
thing hai)i)ened as in Ilamburgs, a hen-ft-athered l)ird marked like a hen 
made its appearance and smote the English fancy hip and thigh and was 
a sport in a way, but like we do when a crysanthenunn sjiorts the breed- 
ers stuck to that sport, fastened on it as their standard and as a standard 
which remains to this day. The idea is l)y careful selection to l)reed the 
lu^n feathering away but leave the same rich markings and wonderful to 
relate it is in the best birds a fait accomj^li. I am happy to say that some 
of the l)est have l)eautiful flowing saddle hackle and flowing tails of fair 
length V)eautifully marked so the English ty]ie was intro- 
duced l)y a few Ijreeders without protest or complaint and occasionally 
tkey sent their Ix'st birds to the English shows." 

As indicated in the first chapter another authority writes that if the 
(^mnpine was crossed with the Hamburg to intensify the markings and t© 
i»^t a Ix'tter barred l)ird it is of six of one and a half dozen of the other 

1-8 



as Ijotli arc from a common ancestry and really the Haml)urg carries Cam- 
pine blood and the Campine carries Hamburg blood. No less an Amer- 
ican authority than Dr. H. P. Clarke of Indianapolis, Ind. recently made 
the statement, "Our poultry shows of the future will continue the same 
l)reed with only slight variations to three different names: Penciled Ham- 
burgs, Brackels and Campincs.'' The English type is the type which 
leads practically everywhere at the present time and regardless of the 
matter of crossing the English type has become the favorite. Following 
IS the English standard as adopted by the Campine club of Great Britian 
of which Rev. E. Lewis Jones, the man to whom more than to any other 
the present poinilarity of the English type is du(% is the honorary secretary, 

GENERAL rHARACTERISTICS 

Beak: Rather short. 

Eyes: Bright and prominent. 

Cot)ib: Single, medium size with even serrations, coming well back 
but clear of the neck, free from excrescences, upright in cock 
falling over in hen. 

Face : Smooth. 

Earlohes: Medium size, inclined to almond shape, free from wrinkles. 

Wattles : Fine in texture, length in proportion to comb. 

Neck: Medium in length, nicely arched, well furnished with hackle. 

Brea.i.t: Very full, roundetl, carried well forward. 

Back: Rather long. 

Body: Broad, narrowing to tail, close and compact. 

Wing: Large, neatly tucked up. 

Tail: Good length, carried well out from the body in cocks, sickles 
and secondaries, broad and plentiful. 

Legs and Feel: Legs medium length, toes slender and well separated, 
four toes on each foot, shanks free from feathers or fluff. 

Size : The larger the better maintaining the type. 

Carriage: Very erect and graceful. 

Marking: Every feather on the birds body with the exception of 
those of the neck-hackle should be barred in a transverse 

»9 



(lirc'tion. These bars sliould 1)(> as clear as jxjssihle witli 
well defined edges. They should run across the feathers so 
as to form as near as possible rings round the body. The 
l)arrin<>;s in tlie feathers of the breast and the under jiart of 
the body should run across the feathers either in a straight oi' 
a slightly ciu-ved direction, but on the top the shouldei's, 
saddle, hackle and tail may run in a more or less \' shai)e(l 
direction. The bars on all cases should be clear and well 
defined and clear cut eilges. Tlie bars should be as near as 
possible three times tlie width of the ground color which 
should be clear and distinct. 'I'he saddle of the cock should 
be fui'uished with a good How of pro])erl>- (levelope(l hackle. 

COLOR IN .SILVKH CAMPl.XKS IN BOTH SKXKS 

li((tlr. Horn color. 

Eijc: Iris, dai'k brown, pupil black. 

Coinh, Face (1/1(1 Waltlcs: l^right red. 

Juirlohcs: \\'hite. 

fj('(js (111(1 Fed: Leaden blue. 

TiK \ (tils: Hoi'u. 

Arc/,- IldcLh : .Vs pure white as ]>ossil)le. 

The groimd color should be piu'e white and the bari'lng slii»uld be 
jiure black with a I'ich beetle gl'een sheen. 

The end of the feathers should be white. 

.STAXDAKl) KOK (ioLHKX (AXi I'l NKS 



The standard for ( loldens is the same as foi- Sihcrs merel>' substitut- 
ing the woi'd "( lold" foi' the wol'd "White" whenever the 
lat ter occurrs. 

I'liinuiijc: Head and neck-hai'kle rich gold and not washe(| out yc^llow. 

loinai iidcr of FluiiKKjc: (Iround color, rich gold and barring pui'e 
black with rich beetle green sheen and niai'kings as in the 
Silvers. 



SCALE OF POINTS FOR THE GUIDANCE OF JUDGES 

Comb 5 

Eye 5 

Earlobes 5 

Legs and Feet 5 

Neck hm-kle 12 

<V)n(litiou 10 

Beetle green sheen 10 

Size 10 

Development and carriage of tail 8 

Distinctness and evenness of markings :^0 

A jierfect bird to cmmt 100 

SERIOUS DEFECTS FOR WHICH BIRDS SHOULD BE PASSED 

L Even barring i. e. the white ecjual in width to the black. 

2. Pencilled gronnd color. 

3. Sprigs on coml). 

4. liCgs otlun- than leaden blue, feather or fluff on shanks. 

5. White face. 
0. Red eye. 

7. Squirrel or wry tail. 

N. B. — The Novice should clearly understand that there are no spec- 
imens in evidence conforming to this standard in every resin'ct but that 
the foregoing particulars represent an "ideal" bird for breeders to strive to 
produce." * * * * * * * * * * * It will beiKjticed thai 

this standard under the head Size says the larger the lietter maintaining 
the type. The secretary of the (Uimpine Chili of Creat Briti'anin his no- 
tice in the 1912 year book says: "This trouble is always with us. The 
c][uoting of the standard 'tlie larger the better' is worse than useless for it 
is misleading. The club should drop it and ]'ei)lacc it by the weights which 
were settled upon at the annual meeting at the Palace, tliese weights being, 
male 5§ pounds, female 3^ pounds. As no notice was given of such a mo- 
tion, this cannot, at present be incorporated in the standard. 

Personally I think these weights cjuite high enough. I also maintain 
that all we have got to do is to guard against the size being smaller than 
the Belgian Cmnpine and I believe that any attempt to increase size 
should be deprecated." 

21 



Ill Belgium the single coiiibcd Silver ra/z/./^/z/r, by far outnuinhers 
the other varieties and so naturally the Hr.st attention outside of Helgiuni 
that wouKl be given to Campines would he given to Silver ('a////>///rs, how- 
ever the (Jolden Campincs and Golden Braekels in Belgium are elaimed 
hy some to l)e even hardier and more prolific than the Silvers. As the 
eolor of the Goldens is very attractive and especially in Great Britian and 
America has many admirers, it is not at all strange that after such great 
success in changing the garl) of tlu' Silver ('din pines that the luiglish 
breeders started to give attention to a similar change in the garl) of the 
Goldens. The Goldens so far as I am able to ascertain did not produce 
as good a breeding sport as did the Silvers, therefore, it was necessary to 
find some means of breeding off the gold top and getting the hen-feathered 
male, ^'arious experiments were tried with more or less success (k^ss than 
more). Prol)al)ly the most successful exi)eriiiient was the crossing (jf a hen- 
feathered Silver male with the colors and barring clearly defined with the 
best colored Golden female oljtainable. This made a foundation and in 
three years time the difference has l)een marvelous. It is not claimed that 
the Goldens lay quite so large nor quite so white eggs as the Silvers. One 
recent writer declares that the rose combed Silver Cam pine as bred in 
France years ago (hen-feathered males) were ahead of the l*]nglisli typc^ 
Silvers of the present day. This seems hard to verify and jierhaps should 
l)e taken with a grain of salt. 




American Campine 

CHAPTER IV 

THE BEL(iIAN type Cmnpines were introduced into America some 
twenty-one years ago and two years later they were admitted to 
the American Standard of Perfection, but on account of the necessity of 
doul)h' mating and liecause of their small size and the fact that the speci- 
mens introduced at that time came from Belgium where practically no at- 
tention was paid to l)reeding toward an ideal standard and as a conse- 
cpience the l)irds failed to be uniform in markings and general appearance 
and as at that time Hamburgs were more or less popular and the great 
similarity l)etween the t\vo caused the C(t))ipine to suffer, in five years 
time interest in it had so waned and breeders had to such extent discard- 
ed the breed that it was dropped from the standard. 

Some years ago a numl)er of poultrymen imjiorted Silver Braekels 
direct from Belgium. These had a small nm. The size and color of the 
egg produced the sales. 

As the poultry world is now practically as wide as the civilized world 
the reviving interest in (Uiinpincs in England being brought about by the 
change of garb had its innnediate effect in America. We find that M. R. 
Jacobus of Ridgefield, N. J., who for many years had bred Haml)urgs and 
Dorkings imported a pair of the English ty]ie Silver ('(tnipine from En- 
gland which he says he simply want(Ml for cross breeding purposes. In 
his own words are, "When I received these first birds I was very much 
surprised to find they were much handsomer than the Belgium birds 
which I had seen exhil)ited 3'ears l)efore. Seeing at once the big differ- 
ence from the Belgium type of Campine which had been sent to this coun- 
try years previous and discarded by American breeders I at once saw that 
they could be l^red from a single mating and did not retiuire like the Bel- 
gium type double matings to produce well marked I)irds of each sex. 

I also saw that by careful selection still handsomer birds couhl be 
produced while the markings and the fact that they could be bred from a 
single mating was attractive. I am ready to admit that it was the very 
large white eggs that the hen laid which impressed me most of all and I 
at once sent back to England for more Ccunpincs as I saw that there was 

a big future for this bird if properly handled. a few 

years ago in fairness to the Belgian tyjie l)irds I imported thirty Belgia,n 
birds for comparison. Of course before importing these birds I really 
knew what the Belgian birds were, not so much from what I had seen 
some years previous, but from some birds I would raise at times 
the English type would divert back to the original Belgian birds. 

2-? 



As I expected my original English type of birds were far sujjerior to> 
these Belgian Ijirds. 

to the ))reeders of England belongs the credit of improv- 
ing the Belgian birds to meet the requirements of England by taking the 
large Braekel and the small active Catnpinc as they found them in l^el- 
gium and by careful selection and breeding and possibly l)y the infusion 
of other blood they produced the original English type of C<t)ti])itie!^. 



As r^nglatid 
originally had a 
type of ('(1)11 pine 
that was better 
Htted for Amer- 
ica than til!" Hel- 
giai) tjjyc the de- 
mand for birds 
from iMighmd 
has be(Mi very 
heavy not only 
for large num- 
bers of birds but 
a I s o for fin e 
marke(l bii'ds. 

What breed- 
ers of America 
want are birds 
that cannot l)e 
s u r p a s s iM 1 1 )y 
any as egg i)ro- 
ducers. After 
this they want a 
strain that can 
l)e easily bred 
and loo k a s 
h a n d so m e as 




This plate shows topical leatheis i)f well hrctl Imprr.veLl SiU'er 
Cainpines. Tliey are feathers plucked from living specimens and 
iiuned by M. R. Jacobus, Rid-eheld, N. J. These feathers from 
\'arious sections of the birds are wortlu' of careful stud\-. 



possil)le pn)vid- 
ing the egg equalities and stamina are not sacrificed for fine markings." 
Al)out the same time J. Fred N. Kennedy of Birch Cliff, Ontario, Can- 
ada, became interested in the ('ainpine and secured control of the exj)or- 
tations of Rev. E. Lewis Jones. 

Mr. Kennedy is a breeder of many years experience, having handled 
a large number at least of the breeds in the American Standard of Per- 
fection and was quick to see a great future for the Canipine and now 
l)reeds them exclusively. 



34 



Many other breedets could })e mentioned us qu'ick to see the future 
of the Campine in America and to begin the breeding of theili. HoweVef 
We defer mentioning other names for two reasons: Fifst, the hst Would Ix' 
so long that too much space wolild be used; secondly, as so many people 
took up the breed at the same time it would be utterly iiTfpossible to list 
the early breeders of the improved Campine in America without uninten- 
tionally slighting some. 

The English type proved very acceptable and lias really enjoyed a 
great boom. Almost at once large numbers of pecjple knowing that the 
Cmnpine came originally from Belgium purchased of various Belgian 
breeders stock which proved to be the Belgian type rather than the im- 
proved English type. As a result of this disappointment some enthusiasm 
was lost and lK»cause of the inferiority of the Belgian birds large numbers 
of them undoubtedly being picked up on farms of Belgium and shipped 
to answer the enormous demand made nuich dissatisfaction in man>' 
c}uarters. 

Another thing which disappointed many people was that after the 
original introducers of improved English l)irds had claimed for them a con- 
siderable hardiness that many of the Belgian type birds were found to be 
anything but hardy, and before the birds were given a chance to be ac- 
climated they were condemned and cast aside by a good many. 

However, their reputation was much greater and of a very different 
character than the reputation of the Belgian type t\VO score of years ago. 

About this time a controversy of great proportion apose in England 
concerning the superiority of the English and Belgian type, each type 
having its disciples. It is hardly correct to say that the controversy arose 
at this time because the controversy had been in existence for some time 
previous, but about this time it became more intense than previously 
and immediately spread to America and had considerable influence in de- 
terring the breeding of Campines because many Americans thought it was 
possible that the Belgian type would win out and that the English type 
Campine would have to be put aside, and America did not feel like re- 
penting the experience of years ago with the Belgian Campine. 

In 1911 several persons interested in the Campine met in Buffalo and 
organized a temporary Campine Club of which Geo. Urban, Jr., of Buffalo 
w£ president and M. R. Jacobus of Ridgefield, N. J., was secretary. 
Se.eral articles appeared in the Poultry journals about this ti.-.ie which 
en! vened interest in the breed, but the thing which did more .o create 
int "'st in this country in Campines than anything else was th .tibition 
mi e by M. R. Jacobus of the eggs laid by English type bird^ !) won 

fir; , rize at New York and Boston carrying the honors awa.^ u the 

Lc; orn which the latter had held for many years. 

25 



in the whiten- of l[)\2 in comu'ction \vit!i the show at M;t(hson Scjuare 
(larden the tciujiorary chil) was niado a iicnnanent chil) and the t<'nipo- 
rary (jffiers weiv elected to act lor the folloAving year. The ehib has l)een 
since that time a great factor in informing the American jn^ople as to the 
(liiahtiesof th(> rV/;/;/;///t'. A stanchu'd lias been drawn up and adopted 
and wiii without ciuestion ))(> acc(_'])ted hy the American Poultry Associ- 
ation and inc((rj)orated in the 1015 revision of the Amcriran Standard of 
Pcrlection. Thousands upon tliousands of (Uunp'uics ari' now !nvd annu- 

:)ily in A m e r i c a 
and each year 
shovvs gnat im- 
j'rovemerit in color, 
markiiigs and the 
hxing of the type. 
Tlir growth of this 
dull has !;cen re- 
niNrkahle and yet 
not out of i)ro))or- 
tiun to the growth 
of interest in Cmn- 

At the 1 !) 1 2 
m e e t i n g after a 
tlmrough discussion 
of the standard re- 
(piirements of the 
h]nglish standard it 
was decided by the 
chil) to breed and 
judge according to 
the standard of the 
( 'ampine Chil) of Great Britain. In England the interpretation of the 
standard is left very largely with the .iudg(\ In fact strictly speaking the 
judge is not re(|uired to ])ass strictly upon the standard as an American 
judge is. IMucli is left to tlie opinion of the judge. So when the Cam- 
pine Club of Great Britain adopted their standard it was as an Ideal 
toward which to breed them, and not as a strictly worke<l out ba.sis for 
judging, l)ut witii the adoi)ting of that standard by the American Cam- 
pine Club it l)ecame the duty of American judges to judge strictly in 
accord with that standard. 

An effort was mad(^ by the secretary of the clul) to get copies of this 
clause in the hantls of all the American poultry judges, l)ut in s})ite of this 
much of judging that year was evidently unsatisfactory and many Bel- 
gian ty])e l)irds were awarded first ])rize when really they should have 
l^een passed entirely. This worked havoc among amateur breeders greatly 




This is the typical Belgian Campine Mak-. 'IV, get the 
white top and iuive ideall\- marked females requires double 



26 




,fl^t^ 






confusing; thorn and many birds tliat W(>re awardcMJ fii'st pi'izo ri1)1)ons 
were u.^cd in breeding pens and the inevital)le result was that a large 
amount of inferior stock was scattered oven* the country. This was soon 
found out not only by those who luid re(•ei^'ed the eggs and stock, l)ut also by 
those who had unsatisfactorily sold inferior stock and Campinists through- 
out the country began at once to make a united effort to overcome the 
difficulty. 

At the 1913 meeting of the 
Anifricau C(;,'iipine Ulub an 
American Standard was freely 
discussed and the new presi- 
dent of the ciui) George Vj. 
Koeth ap|)oint(>d at tlu> di- 
recti(jn of tlie clu'o a com- 
mittee of prominent !_)reed(>rs 
to fornudate a stand;ird. Tlii- 
committee held a meeting in 
Buffalo, N. Y., U. S. A., soon 
after ils appointment and fov'- 
nndated a standar'.', copy of 
wh-ich was mailed, eaeli m(>m- 
l)er of the C'lub. A mail vote 
was takcm and resulted in the 
adoption of tlie standard f>y 
the Club. 



"I 



m 



:.s0^-\ 



€•^1 



i 



,V.-_ 



^iy^7iS\ 











This standanl was copy- 
rigiitinl b>- the Clul) and there- 
fore we cannot rejriu.it it. It 
was necessary that it be copy- 
righted in order to 1)6 accepted 
by the Ain.'rican P.iuitry As-;oei;vnv)n. It is undfM'stoodthat the Standi^rd 
as adoi)te(i l)y the Clul) is agreeal)lc to th(> American Pou't"}' 
Association and will probab'\' be accepted liy them at tiioir 
next meeting. There is but little radical difference^ between tliis 
standard and the English Stand;'. rd. A red or I)ay eye is severely cen- 
sured and {])'.' v.iiole tendency of the standard is to conserve in sluupe the 
egg laying !;i-d and also to keei) ihe size and feathiM'ing so that the ('.'>n- 
pint will rcw.sin a di.stinct bird. It is a. disqualification for two or more 
Avhite saddle hangers to ap|)ea!' on a Silver male l)ird or rcxl or CJold liaig- 
ers to a^^peer on tlie l^ay or (lolocubird. Tiiis latter distinction, hov/evcr, 
is nor elTc' ; '^ •■ luiiil the year ;';■'! i. The reason for this being that the 
lengili of ii.SiS in which brec^lei^^ wave had to perfect the Golden bird is so 
much le.vs than th:it Vvdiicli th.ey Jt;i .'e had to perfect the Silver th.at it seemed 
unf;Mr to ; 1 "00 severe witli t h* ( ;. dden birds the first year. However, until 
a goodly muiiber of finely n.iavlccii English type Golden male birds were seen 
at the larjrc;' shows during th;- s 'ason of 1912-13 it is prol)aI)ly a question 
of a very sl-.ort time when the Cundens avIU run equal to the Silvers. 



( 'onsidcrahlc attention is ji;iven to the ji'rcen slioen and proper barrino; 
and tlu' two colors, black and white with no interniixtnre of brown, j»;ray 
oi' other colors. If bred close to the standard the American Campinc is 
probaI)l>' a hner, more clearly designed bird than tlie English aithou,i;h it 
will probably continne trne that many of the present l)irds in this coun- 
try will l)e l)red from either English improved or the prog(Miy of such for 
a few >'ears. 

('oi)ies of the American Standard for ( 'din pines ar(^ sent to all m(Mn- 
bers of the American Catnpinc ('lul) and can be purchascMl from the sec- 
retary of the ( 'hib by anyone else for 10 cents a ccjpy. 




28 



The Coming Campines 

CHAPTER V 

AS STATED previously there has been much controversy on both 
sides of the ocean as to the rehitive merits of the Belgian and Eng- 
lish type. This discussion at times has waxed exceedingly warm, has 
caused much feeling and called forth som(> of the most sarcastic word 
battles that were ever wagetl on any subject. Many have suggested an 
international standard as the solving of the problem, but so long as Bel- 
gium hangs to their old type and so long as Englan<l insists on the im- 
proved Campine and America insists on the American Campine an inter- 
national standard cannot be soon adopted. In all probal)ility the Eng- 
lish and Belgian types will be bred in Belgium and England and many 
Belgian breeders will make a special effort to breed to the American 
Standard to hold up their sales in America and American breeders will 
undoubtedly seek to improve upon their present standard. Just what 
the outcome will be is hard to foretell. 

As the Campine has its friends it has also its enemies. Many in 
Eiigland and America after having bred Campines for one or two years 
have thrown them up saying that they were not what they were repre- 
sented to be and in some sections of both countries they have received a 
"black eye" in earnest. It is unfair to the breed as it would be to any 
breed to judge them in one or two years. It is especially so in this case 
tecause of the fact that the Camjnne has been taken from the country 
where they were bred under the same conditions for so many centuries 
and introduced into entirely different climates and before they have been 
given a chance to become acclimated have been discarded, and again it is 
especially so because of the fact that in the changing of the feathering of 
the male bird it is barely possible that a temporary effect ha-s manifest 
itself upon the condition of the second generation and even the third. I 
do not state this to l)e a fact, but a possibility. 

On the other hand it is the experience of a great many that the birds 
readily adapt themselves to any climate and can stand most any treat- 
ment with the exception of extreme dampness and impure air. This is 
undoubtedly due to their having been bred for so long in a dry country 
and in the open air. The coming Campine or the Campine that will re- 
main will undouljtedly be in feather, size and shape about what the Eng- 
lish and American Campines are today except that proper selection and 
competent mating will undoul)tedly develope a stronger more robust bird 
which will make good anywhere to the satisfaction of all. 

The Campine will abide and we can see as indicated above that a full 
term of careful breeding will produce the champion among the feathered 
race in hardiness, quantity, size and color of eggs produced. 

29 



am Points lo Breeding 

CHAPTER \T 

TO PROPERLY tivat this siihjcct one must ('(msidor what is (IcsircMl, 
thait is vv'hether a hrccdcr is after ei.\;j;s and meat or is l)r('('(!irrsi' more 
especially for the fancy, but it is tlse contention of the \\rit{n' tlu-t in 
l)ree(lins any fowl and for any purpose it is far ])etter to kee]) in mind the 
standard requirements h)r llie hreed. This <i;i\-es a more unifoiin ajipcar- 
ance in the flock. It idso has a tendency to k<H'p the l»irds of ahout the 
same size which is inijxtrtant in many ways and more than many peoj)le 
tliirdv effects tlie ])rodu('tion and the j^eneral health of the fowls. 

A\'hat is the reason? This is ()l)\'ious. Idiink for a mon.ient concern- 
insi it. The main point aside from the al.'o\'e in hreedin!^,' ('anipincs for 
e.USs is to choose those (^tiiis for int'ubalion whieh are of the largest size, 
whitest color and perfect in shell. This is an old statement many times 
repeated and seen.is at first thought very siinjile, hut hecause of the fact 
that so few people p;iy attention to it, it is important that it l)e call'.'.i to 
the attention, of the reader riy^lit here. 

Tn hreedinp; Cam pines for the fan''\', iiuil t(.) most real fancle!'..- -his 
means also (luality and 1)eaut>' of e<2;o; as well as condition and '>e;udy of 
breeding, first attention should he gi\'rn to typ/C, for tlie (^ainpini has a 
t>'pe distinctively its own. This is descrih;>d in the standard. Aft • tyjie 
comes, of course, size and color. ( 'onsid:'ral)le att'cntion slrouid '■• luiid 
to the Coml).. The Combs of most (Ui)»}ii,ic nudes are too lar/v?. '-.ii'eat 
atten.tion sliould f)e given to the color, sh.npe and tc^xture of tlie e;:r!obes. 
Eye color is a matter worthy of nmch consideration. In fact tlie-- <h.r(H' 
thin.gs which luive much to do with the looks of the bird and hrst ;: j)ear- 
ances ccimt in the majority of ('a ni pines a.U thrt-e of al)Ove naentio-:ed are 
more or less defective. It is claimed isy some tliat the reason for - > much 
trouble in lob.cs and eyes is the infu'-'ion of Ilainluirg iViood. Thi- liow- 
ever, lias lieen pp.rtiaily or fully answered by those who do not bell '-.'c it. 
The question of the Comb is one easily a.nswered because of the fact that 
in J5elgi;un i^racticully no attention is p.aid to the Comb. English breed- 
ers ];ay l)ut little attcnition to the Comb an.d tlu' (\iinpinc luis not b(\'n in 
A]);, (ican iinnds long enough to be perfected in this parti<'ular. Another 
thing wiiich tlie writer l)elieves is ve-ry linrdi, perhaps im])ossible is to keep 
the eajje as white as in tlie Belgian bii'd and get tlu^ breast l)arring. The 
carriage aiid deve!o;:)nu;'nt of the tail in the nnUe bird is also a m. tier that 
is wortiiy of much co^isideration. In the original Belgian type we know 
that the n:;;l.j has a tail well filled with lessci- sickles and co^•ilis. The 
reason that Uic English type birds fail somewhat in this matter i 5 ijocause 



th(^ fcathcrinu- of the iicii has been put upon the male and the sa<l(ll(| 
tVatliers the (Hvisions of th(> coveiis and lesser sickles have been, of 
course, lu'eatly modified. Attention sliould ])e paid to increasing the full- 
ness and beauty of the tail in the male as well as the carriage. 

Evenness antl distinctness of barring of course is one of the main 
l)oints ill breeding. To get a properly marked breast on the female, that 
is, when- tlie bars are standard and not horse-shoe or ill defined in shape, 
is an impoi-tant matter. The Coml) of the female also needs considerable 
attention. 

Hardiness, figure and ]:>rolificacy must be kept in the foreground. 
The last cannot be had without The first and the second in case of the 
('(iiiijn'nc had mucli to do with the last. These three things sum ui) 
brieflv the main points in breeding. 




31 



Selection and Mating 

CHAPTER VII 

IN HIS first and liis revised edition of C'AMPiNEoLocn', J. Fred N. 
Kennedy of Bircii Cliff, Ont., Canada, inserted a little article entitled 
"How to Select and Mate." It has been freely copied into a large num- 
l)er of Cain pi lie catalogs that have come to my desk and as undonl)tedly 
a good many of those into whose hands this book comes have read that 
article I will not (luote it entirely, but as it in a concise way covers the 
ground, so far as it is possible to cover it in words I am going to quote a 
part of it. "In selecting the members of the breeding i)en shape and size 
must be the first consideration. Type above all in ('aiii pines is the most 

important factor I would first select the male (remember he 

is half the pen.) See that he has the right head points Init foremost, see 
that he is pure in color, black being black and white white, with as much 
green luster as possible, (in Goldens change white to gold) and see to it 
that he has lots of vigor. After you have your male bird selected look 
him over again carefully critisizing him with the stanchird and note his 
weak points and then look to your females and where he is weak let the 

females be strong that you are mating with him 

The one great difficulty in breeding exhibition ('ainj>ines is to combine 
one and the same; (a) good clear neck hackle, (b) good breast and (c) 
good markings on the upper part of the l)ody. It is easy to get any two, 
l)ut very difficult to get all three points. Cam pine Ijreeders should rejoice 
over the fact that to i)roduce the ideal Canipine fowls we do not need to 
use double mating, i. e., one mating to produce pullets and one to pro- 
duce males." 

As Mr. Kennedy indicates one can learn more from experience than 
in any other way. It is not wise to mate a male whose hackle is very 
dark to females with dark hackles. It is possilde now to find males with 
very good hackles that are esjiecially well barred on the breast. These 
should be mated to females that are well barred on the breast even though 
they have consideral)le black in the hackle. Some eminent authorities 
say retain the good breast barring even at the cost of a badly disfigured 
hackle. However it is not impossible that this will in time eliminate the 
hackle which is a distinctive feature of the bird and shoukl not l)e sacri- 
ficed. This is a matter which has caused much controversy concerning 
the English type in England and this controversy has spread somewhat 
to this country. It is likely that the natural line of a well barred breast 
and a somewhat darkened hackle is the safest method. 

32 



To got ])('tter com])s on the male bird, male l)irds with a good up- 
right coml) that will not fall over even in the heat of a show room should 
be mated to females possessing the proper number of serrations on the 
comb and whose combs stand upright and are small instead of falling to 
one side and being large. The lopping of the combs on females can be 
produced by using a male bird whose comb lops mated to females with 




\Y1HN&R§ ATnADl^oM r5Q\/ARE OARDENPEC 191 i.^WN&D BYJ.PR&D N KENNEDY 
BIRCH CLl PF-. OMTARIo.CAnAPA. 

proper combs for a feinale. It is vei'y seldom a bird with poor shanks is 
found and feathers or stubbsare hardly ever seen. However, occasionally 
a bird is found with a white or grayish brown leg. These birds should b(? 
discarded. 

To protect the single mating of the l)rced the best males and females, 
that is those conforming most ncarlN- to the standard should l;e used 
together. From ten to twenty females can be mated with a goo;l vigorous 
cockerel, a lesser number witli cock lairds in proportion, (.'ockerels of ten 
to twelve months of age and two year old hens invariably produce the 
strongest and incjst livable chicks. ( )iie should cater for l)est results to 
small and select matings, but as stated above experience is the best teacher 
and just a little application of good common sense will wondei'fully iielp 
out. 

Before feathers shouhl come vigor antl stamina. It is impossiljle to 
get birds worth while even though they be exquisitely well marked unless 
the parent stock possesses at least normal strength. It is l)etter to have 
vigorous stock thoueh not so well marked than th(^ finest of markings 



33 



with no physical ciKhirance. The old rule of culling should be strietly 
adhered to. Campincs like all other domestic fowls will deteriorate if left 
to themselves, and the same common sense rule that guides one in select- 
ing and mating any birds should be applied to the Camptncs. 




-jnci 



,.#?.^^ 



t SILVER, -eAfuM'-'lNl--- , 



', ''^^) 









54 



Housing and Feeding of Chicks 
'and A 

CHAPTER VIII..,, >''■■■ .•«•- '■--'■ ■■■ ■■ 

WE WILL begin with the care of the chicks. Tlie Campine chicks 
require much attention and must not be allowed to become chilled 
for the first i'ew days. It is unnecessary to go into the comparative value 
of the, incul)ator and the hen for hatching as good results have been 
ol)tained by both. However, the majority of Cfnnpine breeders seem to 
prefer a hen for hatching the chicks. This is true especially in America, 
undoubtedly because of the fact that the l)irds have not been acclimated 
so well as most of the breeds. Campine chicks should bo kept where it is 
dry. It is l)est to keep them indoors for the first three or four days. 
They should not be allowed to run in wet grass nor upon a muddy 
constantly damp ground. It must be kept in mind that where they have 
been bred in Belgium for so long where the soil is sandy and dry natural- 
ly they do best in dry cjuarters. 

After a few days the chicks are extremelv lively and (kdight in forag- 
ing and looking up their own food. The Campine chicks feather very 
early and the growing feathers is a strain upon the system naturally re- 
ducing the vitality and special care is helpful at this time. 

There are many theories as to the best way of feeding chicks, Init it 
is also necessary to adapt the f(^eding to the time of year and climatic 
conditions. It stands to reason that chicks hatched early in the spring or 
late in the fall must have h(>aiing food in greater proportion than those 
hatched during the warmer weather. ]\Iany advise the feeding of eggs and 
dry bread criunbs for the first meal. A most satisfactory way of feeding 
is for the first feeding to give the dry crumbs of l)read. For the second 
feeding a few hours later a limited amount of chick grit and for the last 
of the feedings for the first day of feeding (chicks should not be fed for 
from 48 to 72 hours after hatching) the commerical chick grain. Cfnn- 
pine chicks do not thrive as well on too much wet food as do some others. 
However, an occasional mash is beneficial. 

E. Lewis Jones says in regard to feeding, "The great thing is not to 

over feed there is no special system of feeding required and 

I find that the only thing necessary is ordinary v»'holesome food." 

After the chicks are four or five weeks old beef scrap, well chopped 
meat or fine green cut bone can be fed to them with advantage^ They 
should have plenty of green food from the first day on. They should also 
have grit near them constantly and fresh water. As tiiey grow older 

35 



feeding is about the same as that of other breeds with the exception that 
great care must be constantly used not to over feed. 

While it is claimed that Campines are not meat producing birds yet 
the cockerels properly grown make excellent squab broilers at from eight 
to twelve weeks. Campines both young and old need lots of fresh air 
and what is true of the chicks in regard to keeping them dry is equally 
true of the half grown and matured birds. They can stand much cold 
weather if their quarters are dry and airy. Care, of course, must be 
taken to prevent the birds being in a draught. The Campines will bare 




Richard l'Al\vai\rs Crystal I'alacc, (EnL,'land) winners 191 I CliallanLre Cup and Gold 
Medal Cuckeiel. Pullet uun prize of Honor at Brussels Inteiiialii uial 191:. 

close confinement after reacliinii; maturity. The chicks and growing fowls, 
li()\ve\'er, do l)etter with more or less of i-aii,<;c. 

As to housing the CuiiijiiNc.s in winter we ([Uote tVeely from an article 
written l)y Dr. II. B. Butler, Ouidensluirt;-, N. Y., which ai)peared in the 
January, lOlo issue of the "Canipine Herald." Doubtless no larger tiock 
of ('(iinpinrs is wint(i'e<l in America, than that of ,i. l^'red N. Kennedy, nor 
under mor(^ severe conditions and as the success of the flock will he ad- 
mitted Ijy all a word or two desci'i[)tive of his method of winter liousing 
may 1)C interestino-. 



^6 



Mr. Kennedy's property fronts on Lake itario and his poultry 
house is situated within sixty rods of a high h\ that marks the shore 

line at this point Lake Ontario -^ixty miles wide at this 

point and the winds are not tampered to sui\ aiy particular need the 
Campines may have. The general plan of the p . dtry house is a modified 
curtain front with a two sloped roof, the longer b^i ig to the front or south. 
Tight board partition separate the pens eliminati-i -; any chance of a cross 
draught and isolating any pen which might becoaie diseased. The ceil- 
ings of the pens do not follow the slope of th ^ •■ )of but are made hori- 
zontal, on a second set of rafters which extend to about four feet of the 
rear. At this point a tight board partition runs the whole length of the 
house forming a passageway and 'plenty of room for storing crates, etc., is 
to be had above the pens. Each pen has a separate door and the whole 
may l)e likened to a row of boxes within another long box. The windows, 
one for each pen are practically of three sash set on end, the middle being 
fitted with glass and those on either side of it with muslin. Heavy wire 
screen is built in and forms protection from four or two legged mauraders. 

The floors to my surprise was not of cement. The soil is a good 
grade of gravel and after laying tile underneath Mr. Kennedy fills up in- 
side the pen with a very coarse gravel to some depth, straw in generous 
quantities is used for litter and it seems to me that this floor is drier than 
a cement floor, ami wat^r spilt does not stand on the floor but immediate- 
ly finds its way out. As a portion is removed when the latter is changed 
and a load is thrown in each year. The roosting quarters are at the back 
where a dropping l)oard forms the floor at a width of al)out 21 feet. 

The pen ceiling forms the top and a little partition is built enclosing 
all Init the front for which a curtain is provided. Doubtless this l)ox like 
roosting place is the most interesting to us at present. 

It is a hard i^roposition to figure out how to provide fresli air and 
still retain the heat and an open question as to whether this close warm 
air may not work to the ])irds disadvantage when at daylight it jumps to 
the cold floor the other extreme in temperature and the coldest in the pen. 

Care must ])e taken and judgment used that the roosting quarters l)e 
not the cause of a condition we try to avoid with the chicks, namely, 
having them go from a close com])artnient where they liavc cuddled to- 
gether out into the cold of an early morning. We find in our own sleep- 
ing quarters that if we are in the habit of sleeping with ovn- windows 
closed that we are subject to colds, but that we become immune if we 
sleep with an open window. 

The Campine is by no means immune from colds and the point of 
sufficient ventilation in roosting quarters will bear much study. 

37 



■Inst where to stop in closiiif;- in the birds at night is the problem and 
it prohahly works out chfferentiy in (hfferent cases. Exjierience is a 
spleiuhd school, l)ut the tuition is generally high unless the student is 
wise and ])roht l>y the experiiMice that some otlier has paid for, l)ut with 
Mr. Kennedy's weather conditions and liis success anyone in a cold 
locality cannot go far astray by folloWhig these methods." 

Again quoting Mr. .lones, .''The I)irds require a roomy house at niglit 
if they are to tlirive. TlicyiJ^hoii'ld get at least ten (ail)ic feet, as feeding 
iutd housing have a lot to do with their prolificacy. I luive often known 
people to run tliem down when the only fault was in their own mis- 
managenient and over feeding." i i.i •■ 

The matter of pjenty of fresh air cannot he too nulch emphasi/(>d. 
The ('(iiiiiiii((\ chicks if closely watched will he seen to sleep witli their 
lieads |)eepiug out from under the hen or the hover when chicks of other 
hreeds under same conditions will ])c completely out of sight under the 
heu or }iove>r. Experiments tri<'d in housing adult ('(inipincs m a wtwui 
and not too airy house to keep the comb from freezing j^'ove conclusively 
that tfiey nuist have plenty of air and that they can stand the cold far 
better than viciated air. 




The Exhibition Campine 

CHAPTER IX 

THE CAMPINE appeals in its various roles to several classes of poiil- 
trymen. To the economist its consistent egg laying, the fact that 
it is a small eater and of quick maturity appeals strongly. To the breedei; 
who tries liy indirect oiierations to obtain a standard bird in its prolific- 
ness the Campine has peculiar advantages. To the Fancier the beauty, 
and the contrast of color makes a strong appeal. 

Proluibly a large number of people are more intor(\sted in the economic 
qualities of the Ccunpine than the standard markings, also the majority of 
those interested in the economic cjualities are also anxious to have a uni- 
form apjiearance among the flocks of poultry and while ]:)erhaps do not 
try so hard to get their birds as near the standard as do the fanciers they 
would fine great satisfaction in good markings throughout the flock. 

Of course a poorly colored bird is apt to lay as well and to be as 
strong and from an economic view point worth as much as a well marked 
bird, but the great majority of l^reeders except the smaller breeders (those 
who keep only a few birds) are after standard markings. 

The Campine has attracted great attention to itself, because of its 
egg laying qualities and because of the beauty and size of its egg, l)ut in 
the long run the well bred well marked specimen is the one in which we 
glory. 

We might fiuote from the description given by a numl)er of lireeders 
concerning their Ijirds and say that "nothing prettier can be imagined 
than a nice flock of (whatever I breed) on a green lawn." But while this 
is true of the Campine still the graceful carriage and contrasting and 
superfine markings of the Campine show oft' in the cage to their l)est ad- 
vantag(\ 

The first thing to consider in an exhibition bird is the head. On 
account of the fact that l)oth Belgium and England pay but little at- 
tention to the comlj only to see that it is large, it is not always easy to 
find a bird with a comb that is most desiral)le in the American sJiow room 
as the American standard demands a medium size comb. On the female 
the comb falls to one side with the exception of the first point which 
stands upright. In the male the comb is upright the back extends a 
little below the horizontal and slightly shows the Imck of the head, Init 
does not touch the head. 

39 




Alhis is a magazine Belgian illustration of the Belgian Braekel 1897. Note the 
flowered barring, the high carried tail, the enormous comb on the male and the white 
top on the male. The wings should also be carefully studied. The birds show the 
large size of the Breakel and the body of the female gives evidence of egg-producing 
capacity. 







"5?> 



te^' - 



This Is a cut worthy of stuJ}-. It is a Bel.L'ian illustration of Belgian Cainpines. 
Note the even barring i. e. white and black of nearly equal width, the low carried iail 
of female, the large eye and the wli(te top of male. Ijy comparison with Belgian illustra- 
tion of ISreakel there will be immediately apparent the difference in size and the com- 
bination of the two with the white top off would seem to produce a most desirable 
bird. Sticli we have in the Improved C'ampine. 



40 



!/■ 



^- 







^^^ 

S. 



Much stress is laid upon the eye color. Red or liay eyes are con- 
sidered a serious defect. F. L. Piatt says, "It would he easy to breed 
Ix'autil'uUy colored Campinc.s when stress is not laid u]ion the color of the 
eye. With the red eye of the English Silver Pencilled Hamburg, the 
clear cut barring and beautiful color of the English Hamburg also asserts 
itself. Th;' eye shouKl ap])roach black in color, 'The iris being dark l)rnvn 
and the pupil black.' The English standard calls for the same and the 
Belgian standard reads, 'Eye: Vetch (chick pea) that is to say v(>ry dark 

^ appearing black.' 

^ There is an eco- 

nomic V a 1 u e in 
this d a r k eye. 
When the matter 
was before t h e 
Cdul)'s Standard 
Committee f o r 
American a n d 
the disussion was 
whether red eyes 
s h o u 1 d 1 )e an 
a 1) s o lute dis- 
fiualification Mr. 
.1 a c () b us r c- 
marked,'! 1)red a 
red eyed bird 
and he cost me 
between $2,000 
and $3,000 and 
not over five per 
c e n t . o f li i s 
jnillcts laid white 
shell eggs. We 
must pro d u c e 
l)etter eggs than 
the Leghorn lays.' " One is apt to find in the coml) of the Silver Cam- 
pine the presence of some blue pigment which is not an evidence of an 
unhealthj^ condition neither is it a tlefect. Tints of blue are often ap- 
parent in the ear lol)es of pullets and red in cockerels so that lobes as yet 
are not above objection. One difficulty thus far is to get pure white ear 
lobes with good pure markings. However, we find that the darkest eyed 
birds usually have the ])est lobes. 

Exhil)ition birds in American shows will be disciualified if the ear 
lobes are over one-half red. The exhibition Campine should have a nicely 
rounded wattle. 

Competent judges claim that the most important color section is the 
liack. Judge Piatt says, "No matter about under color. That has been 




.;s*/kAii "^j^^&B. ^ 



A prize wining Gokicn Campine bred and owned b_\' 
Geo. E. Noeth, Brighton, N. V. 



41 



;i l)U,!.',-a-l)()(t ill the Aiiicricaii fancy for over forty years. Now as new 
!>ir<ls come in let us put them on the ri^iit basis f(H- hrcMulers." It is a 
fact that the fancier wants most after all the exterior color, that jiart of 
the hird which is at once seen and first appreciated. In the Cain pine the 
Mack should he [Mire hlack and the wiiite pure white. The mossy ap- 
pearance often found islirouf^-ht about lar<^ely by a tliird barring of brown 
and gray. There should be an abundance of green luster in the black. 
The natural tendency of the l)arring on the Itack especially of the male 

bird is to a ^'-sha]X^ 

The I) a r r i n g of the 

back should run well 

into the tail. Mr. Piatt 

says in this e o n n e c - 

' t i o n. " T h e m o re 

y^ barring in the tail the 

Ji^ better up to a certain 

point. We should not 

give the i)reference to 

i. nicely barred main 

5 tail h'athers that run 

gray then w h i t (» at 

the base rather than 

to a moderately well 

barred tail of soimd 

color. The latter bird 

lilainly has the greater 

**-■ strength oi color and 

__] g r e a- 1 e r b r e e d i n g 

. .^sim' value." 

■ — ^w. "I 

/ya^ _,.._..„ __j 




'^'m 






-J(^ 




This golden lien is remarkable in type and also barring. 
This is one of President Geo. E. Nocth's (American Campine 
Club) excellent birds. 



The next section is 
the wing. Here we 
meet with difficulty 
for as desirable as a 
well l)arred wing is we 
find but few of tliem as yet. If when opening up the jirimaries they are 
gray they are very unsightly and when g(jod l)arring cannot be had in the 
l)rimaries a black feather with streaks and clottings of white is much 
better than a grayish or l)rownish color, there is a relation between the 
back and the wing color for if there is too wide a barring of white in the 
back it has its effect in weakening the color in the ]irimaries in the wing. 

Next our attention is called to the l)reast and the l)arring should l)e 
held there for in present specimens few have enough of contrasting colors 
and proper width of barring ui)on the breast. Crescentic and horse shoe 
markings are more often seen than good barring. The barring should also 
be carrietl l)ack into the fluff. 



42 



We now come to the hackle and here agahi we find (Ufficulty for in 
those birds which have the best hackle we often find a very weak breast. 
It is not to be exp(H'.t(Hl that good breast markings and a strong back can 
be had and a pure white hackle begin at their termination. It is far 
better to have t\w black running into the hackle somewhat and to have 
the back and l)reast i^roperly barred than to have an absolute pure white 
hackle with a poorly barred l)ack and its evil eff^'ft upDU the wing and ;i 
weak breast. On the other hand it is just as undesirable to have the 
black run away up near the head or into the head. Different l)reeders 

jX'rsonally f a v o r 
d i f f e r e n t ly the 
1) i r (1 s when con- 
s i d e r i n g as to 
l)reast, l)ack and 
tail markings l)ut 
the j u d g e nnist 
balance a b i r d in 
his decisions. If the 
exliil)ition Cam pine 
were easy to pro- 
duce there would 
be no great fasci- 
nation in attempt- 
ing its proiluction, 
but the fact that it 
is somewhat hard 
to ])roduce is at- 
tract i\'e, when one 
is p r o d u c e d it is 
almost unequalled 
for beauty, grace- 
f u 1 n e s s and at- 
tractiveness. 




uSEC<=ND SILVER CAMPilSE H f H 

CRY^^TAL PALACE, NV. 



There is a tendency among some of having the white barring too 
narrow and thread like and thus give the bird too dark an ai:)pearance. 
In breeding exhil)ition Campines one must keep away from prejudices 
and seek to apply the standard as it is. Judges often run to personal 
ideas and if one has plenty of birtls it is well to try out under different 
judges the lighter and darker specimens. This is said with no intention 
of casting reflection on the judges, but because of the fact that the Cam- 
pine is still in an unfinished stage and yearly is improving greatly and the 
minds and ideas of judges must change with the development and pro- 
gress of the breed. A l)ird should stand on firm yet not ov(>r large legs 
and feet and the color and condition should be carefully looked after. 
One judge calls attention to the unsightliness of scally legs especially in 
blue shanked birds. 



43 



The fovindation male birds in both Silvers and (ioldens of the ini- 
I)r()ved type were hen feathered and the desire of the breeders at present 
is to produce males witli cock plum; ge paUern and color which is identical 
with that of the female. However well colored a l)ird may be it is rot 
an exhil)ition l)ird nor worthy of Ixnng placed in a show unless it ] ossesses 
the i)roper type, and so in the desire to get color markings one must not 
become over anxious and sacrihce tyjie. Tlie tail of the male liird should 
not b(^ carried too high, nor too extremely low. This is ii'ueof the female. 

Birds should not lie o\ erly high on 
legs neither too low and the lieauty 
and grace of the ideal and standard 
('(iiiipiiie should be the first thing 
to consider. If the bird lias no tyi)e 
or inferior type it should not be 
shown. It is not a true ('(tnipine 
though it have all the color mark- 
ings of a Campinc. What has been 
said in this cha])ter concerning the 
Silver Campiiie.'^ is equally true of 
the CJoldens with the exception of 
color of feathers, which difference is 
at once obvious. 

Birds need proper training for 
the exhibitions and if dirty Silvers 
should be washed, two weeks' 
training should put any bird in fine trim for the show. 





++ 







— — [O] 

This Pen of handsome young Silver Campines, was bred and is owned by 
Dr. H. B. Butler, Ogdensburg, N. Y. 




45 



I IV D E X 

CONTENTS 



Chapter 


I 


Chnplcr 


II 


Chapter 


III 


Chapter 


I\" 


Chapter 


\' 


Chapter 


\I 


Chapter 


\II 


Chapter 


\"III 


Chapter 


IX 



Aneient Cam pines Page 5 

The Campine at Hume Page 8 

The Enghsh or Improved Campine ...- Page 14 

Tiie American Campine Page 23 

The Coming Campine -,- - - Page 29 

Main Points in I5reeding ...- - Page 30 

Selection and Mating --- Page t,2 

Housing and Feeding Chicks and Adult Fowls Page 35 

The Exhibition Campine --- - Page 39 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



Campine Eggs. Page 6 

SiKer Campine Hen, Geo. Urban, Jr.. Page 9 

\oung Silver Campine Cockerel, Jones Page 15 

Sihcr Campine Cockerel, W. M. Patteson Page 17 

Silver Campine Feathers, M. R. Jacobus Page 24 

Belgian Campine Male Page 26 

Ciolden Campine Pullet, Mrs. Pearl Car\"er Page 27 

Silver Campine Pair, J. Fred N. Kennedy Page 33 

Silver Campine Cock, C. L. Patterson Page 34 

Silver Campine Pair, Richard Edwards Page 36 

Belgian Braekels, 1S97 Page 40 

Belgian Cam pines Page 40 

Golden Campine Cock, Geo. E. Noeth Page 41 

Golden Campine Hen, Geo. E. Xoeth Page 42 

Silver Campine Hen, Dr. J. H. Prudhomme Page 43 

Silver Campine Cockerel, W. H. Nagel ..Page 44 

Pen Young Silver Campines, II. B. Butler Page 45 



[NOTE — No one is entitled to reprint or in any way use any illustration in this book with- 
out first obtaining permission from the owner of cut which in ex'ery case (e.xcept 
in cases of cuts being owned by Campine Herald) is named under cut]. 




MRS. CARVER SAYS 

MY CAM PINES .shall he 
carried to tlie liiyho^t possible 
standard hi/ nadimj and 
l>/i:edi/i(i this nrrietji, for 
irhich ('(irrcrs Red Farm is 
noted, Oidij rcrii limited, 
elose culled janctj nicdiiujs 
will be kept in this variety. 

GOLPeN CAMPINES 

My matings the coming 
season in Goldens will be 
as fien as in America 
headed by clear, hen 
ff-atbi red male birds. 




COLDEV emPlHL. rlRST PULLET 
-E\TLAWr tJA/<l.l9l3 

MO? F&-i?L CAR\EK SEVIIXE OHIO 



SILVER CAMPINES 

My Silver matings will 
be the very best I can rear 



CHAMPION HEN EMPRESS 



For which Mrs. Carver is line breeding for her GOLDEN 
CAMPINE FOUNDATION. Considered by experts to be 
ONE OF THE BEST GOLDENS ever shown in this country. 
The females in pen I coming season will contain only 
EMPRESS and the best marked pullets from her eggs, mated 
to a clear hen feathered male. Mrs. Carver thinks this 
mating will be the equal to anything in America, especially 
the results therefrom. In the matter of PRICES for Eggs 
and Stock, shall be just as reasonable as it is possible to 
give the trade. Address all communications to 



MRS. A. A. CARVER 

CARE OF CARVER'S RED FARM, SEVILLE, OHIO 



iCampine Herald j 

I PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT | 

IFRANKLINVILLE, N. YJ 

I 50 CENTS PER YEAR FIVE YEARS FOR $2.00 | 

i ESTABLISHED AUGUST 1912 i 



p A LIVE one devoted excluively to the interests of 

i ^ CAMPINE BREEDERS and CLUBS. Con- 

I tains current events in the Campine World, 

i Special Articles by leading Campinists, a Directory 

bS ^ ; ; ■ ■ ; 

I of Campine breeders, illustrations of the pri/e-wm- 

I ning CAMPINE FOWLS of both varieties at the 

i shows. If you are interested in Campine Fowls you 

I cannot help being interested in the Campine 

I Herald. 

m 

MS, 

I Our Printing Department 

I is equipped to do POULTRY PRINTING. Presses 

I run by electric power, and everything up-to-date. 

m We make a specialty of mail-order printing , and 

I ship prepaid anywhere in the United States. We 

I use any stock cuts of Campines (also any other breed), 

m and make engravings from photographs for our 

I customers. Samples and prices sent on request. 

m 

I The Advertising Rate 

I in the Campine Herald is $16 per page, $8 per 

i half page, $4 per quarter page, or $1 per inch per 

I issue. BREEDERS DIRECTORY ADS. of about 

I 35 words $5 per year or for less than a year 50c. 

I per month. 

I OUR CIRCULATION INCLUDES THE CAMPINE 

I BREEDERS AND ADMIRERS IN THE UNITED 

I STATES AND CANADA 



^H 



I /^ ^.^^-^-^^^ TT^^^l^ Franklinville, N. Y. 

I Campine Herald Ben Phone i6 j 2 






^^^Si^HS^^^SHi^^SSS' 



THREE-MEADOW FARM 



m 



m TWO HUNDRED ACRES IN A BEAUTIFUL FERTILE V,ALLEY DEVOTED TO i 

ag an 

IDAIRYING AND BREEDING I 



GRADE AYSHIRE CATTLE 

LARGE YORKSHIRE SWINES 

MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS 

SILVER and GOLDEN CAMPINES 

SINGLE & ROSE COMB ANCONAS 



FRANKLINVILLE, NEW YORK 



f?-- 



URBAN EARMS 



SILVER and GOLDEN 

CAMPINES 

of the Highest Quality 



PINE RIDGE 
BUFFALO, N. Y. 



=i 



Nagel's Exhibition Silver Campines 

(ENGLISH ,*, STRAIN) 



FIRST COCKEREL— International Gold Leg Band and 
Club Specials 

FIRST CAMPINE Pullet and GoW Leg Band at 
Buffalo. N, Y.. January 1913 

Eggs for Hatching $7.50 per 15 Day-Old Chicks $10,00 per Dozen 



EXHIBITION WHITE LEGHORNS 

COCK BIRDS AND HENS FOR SALE Ship on approval $5.00 up 

Eggs for Hatching $7.50 per 15 Day-Old Chicks $10.00 per Dozen 



BOX 304 FRANKLINVILLE, N. Y. 



INTERESTED IN ANCONAS 



//so, you should hare The Ancona World, published 
7nonthly since April 1910, 50 cents per year. We also do 
Ancona Printing, and have a full line of large and 
small Ancona Cuts, single and rose comb, both for sale 
and to use on customers stationery. 

ANCONA ? POST ^ CARDS 

So for 25 cents - - - 75 cents per 100 

Revised and Enlarged ANCONA HISTORY 
$1.00 postpaid. 



The Ancona World 

Franklinville, New York 



ROSE LAWN FARM 

Silver and Golden Campines 



WINNERS AT BUFFALO, OLEAN 
WILLIAMSPORT AND ROCHESTER 



Stock For Sale at All Times Good Breeders from $3 to $10 

Exhibition Birds a Matter of Correspondence 

Stock shipped subject to approval 
Purchaser to pay express charges 

Eggs from March 1 to June 1, $5. per 15, $25. per 100 



Infertiles replaced once free 



After June I , half price 



SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 



CHAS. H. WHEELER 



R. P. D. 5 



CUBA, N. Y. 



:s 



C AMPINE S 

SILVER and GOLD 




WlhHER^FPiP6T B ^STofi. JAN ,/i l-.m 

.BRED^^oOWmDBYnAhMATTAHrARn>BRl<]hTo!i,ri.YU.5.A. 



The Champions of Them All 

My winnings at Allentown, Hagerstown, Grand Central 
Palace, N. Y., Philadelphia, Boston and last but not least 

MADISOTV SQUARE GARDEN, 1913 

in hot classes, as entries show, were four times as 
many first as ail other breeders combined. Nuff said 

MftNHfli™ FARMS, BRIGHTON, N. Y, 

GEO. E. NOETH, OWIVER 



Improved Silver Campines 

The blood of the best BRED-TO-LAY exhibition stock of 
Europe and America 

Write me your wants. Correspondence a pleasure 



Member 






American 


I GUARANTEE 


STOCK 


Campine 
Club 


A SQUARE DEAL 


EGGS 



Arthur G. Baumgartel 

CAMPINE SPECIALIST 
C-537 Coit Avenue, N. E. Grand Rapids, Mich. 



JACOBUS CAMPINES 
Silver and Golden 




My birds laid white egg that WON FIRST PRIZE at 

Boston. 1910, 1911, 1912 and 1913. Competition open 

to the world and eggs of all breeds. Consider carefully 
and Start right. 



R. JACOBUS 

RIDQEFIELD, N. J. 



Box 275-H 



SILVER CAMPINES 

=^^^^=^== AND ^^^=^^^= 

SALMON FAVEROLLES I 



Selected Stock Choice Breeders 

WINNERS AND LAYERS 



CAMPINE EGGS 

$5.00 per 15 until June 1st 

than half price 
Infertiles replaced once free 



FAVEROLLES EGGS 

$3.00 per 15 until June 1st 

than half price 
Unsatisfactory hatches re- 
placed once at half price 



STOCK USUALLY FOR SALE 



ORDERS FILLED IN ROTATION 



M^^ 




REV. B. A. GATES 

Franklinville, New York 



SEP c 1913 



American Campine Club 

Organized 1911 to encourage 
the breeding and improvement 
of the Campine Fowls and bring- 
ing together the breeders of this 
variety for their mutual benefit. 

All Campine breeders should 
join to keep in touch with the 
Club work. 

For full particulars and applica- 
tion blanks address 

M. R. JACOBUS, Sec'y-Treas. 
Ridgefield, New Jersy 

Campine Standards 1 Cts. Each 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

IIP mil III 



I'll, ■ II, ''Ji ,'! "I| I 

002 841 036 ^ 



